2.1 Review the Park Management Plan 
2.2 Plan for the User 
2.3 Assess User Demand 
2.4 Consider User Requirements 
2.5 Protect Park Resources 
    2.5.1 What is Trail Carrying Capacity? 
    2.5.2 Consider the "Limits of Acceptable Change" Approach 
2.6 Optimize Trail Layout and Type 
     2.6.1 Select a Suitable Trail Layout 
    2.6.2 Assess Trail Route Alternatives 
    2.6.3 Assess Trail Route Gradients 
    2.6.4 Estimate Parking and Service Needs 
    2.6.5 Assess Trail Plan Impacts

3.1 Use a Logical Design Process 
3.2 Select a Route for the User 
3.3 Consider Public Safety 
3.4 Mark the Trail Route 
3.5 Consider Environmental Protection 
3.6 Use Design Techniques to Reduce Soil Erosion 
3.7 Use Suitable Culvert and Bridge Siting and Design 
3.8 Plan for Waste Disposal 
3.9 Reduce Maintenance Requirements 
3.10 Prepare Trail Design Drawings 
3.11 Prepare a Cost Estimate 
312 Prepare Construction Specifications

4.1 Foot Trails 
4.2 Horse Trails 
4.3 Bicycle Trails 
4.4 Cross Country Trails and Ski Touring 
4.5 Snowshoe Trails 
4.6 Snowmobile Trails 
4.7 Special Trails 
    4.7.1 Interpretive and Wildlife Viewing Trails 
    4.7.2 Barrier-Free Trails 
    4.7.3 Portage Trails

7.1 Specify Construction Techniques 
7.2 Select and Prepare Equipment 
7.3 Work Methodically 
7.4 Clear the Route 
7.5 Select a Tread Surface 
7.6 Construct the Tread 
7.7 Select Trees for Use in Construction 
7.8 Clean Up Clearing Debris 
7.9 Select and Build Trail Structures 
    7.9.1 Drainage 
    7.9.2 Bridges, Culverts and Boardwalks 
    7.9.3 Steps, Ladders and Walls 
7.10 Manage the Construction 
    7.10.1 Choose Construction Options 
    7.10.2 Use Standard Contract Procedures 
    7.10.3 Consider Cost Saving Measures

8.1 Maintain the Trail 
8.2 Set Up a Trail Maintenance Program 
8.3 Routine Summer Use Trail Maintenance 
8.4 Decide on Labour and Equipment Needs 
8.5 Routine Cross-Country Ski Trail Maintenance 
8.6 Monitor the Trail 
8.7 Upgrade the Trail 
8.8 Rehabilitate Trails

General planning principles 
 

limits of acceptable change 

Setting the route and flagging the trail 

Preparing contracts for trail work 

Building the trail 
Clearing and tread construction 
All trail structures 
Managing staff and contractors 

Design guidelines for trail types 
Trail standards 

Signs and related facilities 
 

Maintaining trails 
Rehabilitating trails 

Construction details 
Contract specifications

1.0 Introduction 
2.0 Trail Planning 

2.0 Trail Planning 

3.0 Trail Design 

3.0 Trail Design 

7.0 Trail Construction 
Appendix 
 
 

4.0 Guidelines by Trail Type 
 

5.0 Signs 
6.0 Related Facilities 

8.0 Trail Maintenance 
 

Appendix